发布时间： Thu Feb 13 13:19:30 CST 2020
1月31日，英国遗憾脱欧。欧盟中国商会（CCCEU）审慎评估了脱欧对中欧经济互动的影响，并特别关注其对中国在欧盟（EU）投资企业的发展和可能冲击。
在充分考虑各利益攸关方的意见和关切基础上，为在脱欧后的商业环境中维系并加速中欧经贸活动，助力欧洲经济实现黄金十年包容性增长，使得2020-29的年均增长率比2010-19年间上升一个百分点，达到2.5%，欧盟中国商会提出如下五项建议：
• 务实策略：减轻对企业的负面影响
邻居易迁，邻国难移。当前，英国脱欧已成为出乎意料的现实，尽管这使得欧洲一体化遭遇挫折，但整个欧盟都必须直面现实。在此背景下，欧盟中国商会提出的务实策略是——“将坏事变成好事”。为将英国脱欧的影响降到最低，当务之急是实现平稳过渡，并努力迈向新的繁荣十年。
我们注意到由英国脱欧引发的变化可能使一些中国在欧企业感到不安。它们可能面临一些变化：更多的繁文缛节、更高的管理费用、更多的物流成本、繁复的海关手续、更高的进口关税、其雇员在英欧分支机构间更少的自由流动等。企业需要时间来应对市场结构和业务流程的突然变化。
当前，欧盟和英国当局迫切需要通过减少不安全感和市场波动来减轻英国脱欧的影响。对企业而言，法律确定性和可预测性对于涵盖其生产、贸易、投资与创新周期等内外部运营环节的顺利持续展开至关重要。英国脱欧后的不确定性情况可能会阻碍甚至中止这些活动。
为了尽量减小中国公司在欧英的业务损失及中断，我们希望双方能够迅速达成脱欧后规范——全面、平衡、公平、且不影响第三方利益。英国和欧盟之间的贸易投资法律原则和规范具有重要意义。中国企业将从确定的法律及可预测的市场状况中受益，这亦有助于促进欧盟和英国的繁荣。
• 增长雄心：为欧盟迎来黄金十年
2020年是新十年的开端，是欧盟机构新一轮政治周期的起始，亦是更新中欧战略伙伴关系与合作议程的历史性年度。欧盟领导人已将实现绿色和数字转型设定为关键优先事项，这与中国经济议程的重中之重不谋而合。中国在欧企业也承诺致力于达成以上优先事项。中国数字领域的公司正在投资欧盟，尤其是对研究和创新领域进行投资，并致力于共同开发未来技术。在与欧盟成员国互动的过程中，它们还支持当地发展并创造就业机会。
但是，对于新的十年，考虑到政治决策对企业和私营部门具有长期影响和结果，欧盟27国需要一个大胆的愿景。欧盟中国商会及其会员有雄心促进欧洲增速的跃升，支持其年均增长率（过去10年为1.6％，过去25年为1.9％）提升到2-3％。与此同时，我们坚持认为，这种增长必须是高质量、绿色和包容的，唯有如此中欧合作才能取得显著成果。
毋庸置疑，十年的发展与繁荣是中国和欧盟的共同目标。中欧两大市场是全球经济发展的两大引擎，它们共同构成了具有19亿消费者的巨大市场，通过经济互动和全球供应链，为这些消费者和世界的福祉做出贡献。同时，我们还希望中国和欧盟中产阶级能够持续发展，中产阶级人数有望在这个十年内超过10亿。
• 事实说话：中资为欧洲在多重危机中创造就业机会
以史为鉴是释放未来潜力的关键。欧盟中国商会提请欧盟回顾过去十年中欧经济互动的发展历程。中国企业对欧盟经济的贡献无可否认。2008年经济危机之后，中国的外国直接投资（FDI）呈指数增长。2018年，中国对欧盟的直接投资达到81.1亿美元，促进了欧洲的经济增长。欧洲研究人员与中国创新企业在众多研究中心里并肩工作，这也为达成新发现并以此进一步促进产业升级铺平道路。此外，中国企业在欧盟的参与进一步刺激了更多就业机会的增长：至2018年，中国企业创造了多达33万个直接就业机会和数百万个间接就业机会，这是本商会于2019年10月发布的首份旗舰报告中的一项重要发现。
欧盟中国商会强调继续并支持这些积极趋势。中欧之间采取合作路径能够为长期稳定的经济互动铺平道路，最终使公司和公民受益。回顾过去十年，包括已取得的成就和仍待解决的问题，并以提倡的解决方案为基础，能够使我们以史为鉴，鉴往知来。
• 建立互信：双方都必须解决的紧迫问题
过去几年，对中国企业的怀疑与不信在欧洲蔓延，一些媒体和政治家营造了不利气氛。中国在欧盟的外国直接投资受限于政治决定，部分欧盟成员国主张采用外国直接投资审查机制。这致使欧盟于2019年建立了外国直接投资筛选框架，并呼吁减缓诸如5G应用等高科技合作步伐。不信任感正在上升，这正是我们的主要关切：为促进合作共赢，建立且提升信任是中国人和欧洲人的共同责任。
欧盟中国商会担心严格的审查机制会对中欧经济互动的发展产生不利影响。实际上，严格的法规可能会限制甚至阻碍中国公司在欧投资，从而阻碍了由这些企业设立或关联的本地企业的发展。由于欧洲公民和企业将无法与中国在欧投资公司合作，可能会造成这些企业和欧盟的双重经济损失。
欧盟中国商会提请对现行法规进行重新评估，以了解它们在多大程度上阻碍了中国公司与欧洲同行之间的经济互动。这些法规的目的不应是先验性地阻止外国直接投资，也不应危害欧盟对开放经济的承诺以及中欧公司之间的相互信任。确实，欧盟和中国应继续致力于维护多边主义，并在开放贸易和互信的基础上进一步合作。
只有这样，在欧中国公司才能继续在欧洲大陆贡献自己的力量，帮助欧盟在未来十年实现年均2-3％的增速。
• 再度起跑：迈向成功的2020年中欧全家福峰会
2020年中欧全家福峰会将于9月在德国举行，预计中国最高领导人将与欧盟及成员国领导人举行会晤。这将是双边关系的历史性时刻，预计它将为双边政治、经济、和文化伙伴关系注入强大动力。在此次首脑会议的筹备中，必须将经济互动作为重要议程，欧盟和中国应密切关注工商界，倾听他们的声音与意见。
欧盟中国商会认为，至关重要的是确保2020年峰会对未来十年产生积极影响，尤其在贸易和投资相关的议题上。为此，要积极关注活跃在中欧互动中的经济活动参与者。双方应建立工作组，尽快开展筹备工作。他们应致力于签署全面投资协议（CAI），宣布启动自由贸易协议可行性研究，以期在2025年之前完成谈判。欧盟应该致力于促进投资，而不是增加障碍。我们还注意到，中国和欧盟以及世界其他国家均致力于实现联合国的可持续发展目标，因此在本次峰会上，还应讨论如何推动欧亚大陆和非洲的发展。我们有众多会员在全球开展业务，为全球发展做贡献已列入企业议程。
综上所述，欧盟中国商会呼吁欧盟和中国仔细了解中国企业在欧盟投资面临的待解决问题，并在制定新的战略伙伴关系文件时予以认真考虑，以使欧洲和中国企业同时获益。
(本文根据欧盟中国商会研究团队最新英文简报翻译而成)
关于欧盟中国商会及简报 (CCCEU Briefing)
本期欧盟中国商会简报(CCCEU Briefing)由欧盟中国商会研究团队提供；感谢外部专家及商会会员对其做出的宝贵贡献。简报是欧盟中国商会的主要研究和传播产品，旨在就重要议题为中欧双方提供建设性政策建议，推动中欧经贸合作。本产品是欧盟中国商会提供的公益性政策产品，引用和转载请注明来源。
欧盟中国商会由中国银行（卢森堡）有限公司、中国三峡（欧洲）有限公司和中远海运（欧洲）有限公司发起，2018年8月31日在布鲁塞尔成功注册。2019年4月8日，国务院总理李克强在布鲁塞尔为欧盟中国商会成立揭牌。欧盟中国商会会员单位已达60家，代表近1000家在欧中资企业。其使命是以会员为中心，以做好服务、倾听声音、树立形象为要务，为其获得更好的营商环境，同时与欧盟机构加强互信，分享机遇，实现商通中欧，共创繁荣。
若有更多建议，请联系欧盟中国商会秘书处于佳女士，邮箱 info@ccceu.eu。
Office 503 A, Rond-Point Schuman 6, 1040 Brussels, Belgium
+32 2 234 79 12
Press Release - 3 February 2020.pdf（点击下载）
Robust growth helps Brussels fulfil dreams
Closer China-EU economic interaction after Brexit can help the 27-member bloc win a golden decade
With the UK regretfully leaving the 28-member bloc on 31st January, the China Chamber of Commerce to the EU (CCCEU) reflects on how Brexit affects the future of China-EU economic interaction, with a special focus on the possible impact and future developments for Chinese companies investing in the European Union (EU).
After taking fully on-board opinions and concerns of various stakeholders, the CCCEU makes public five recommendations to sustain and accelerate China-EU economic activities in the post-Brexit business environment to help achieve the continent’s golden decade of inclusive growth of 2-3% annually during the 2020-2029 period.
• Pragmatic approach: mitigating the negative impact on businesses
Neighbours can easily move away but neighbouring countries cannot. Brexit is an unexpected reality now, so the whole EU has to face up to it, despite a setback for European integration. The approach suggested by the CCCEU follows the Chinese saying “turn bad things into good ones”. It is pressing to work on a smooth transition, which will limit the impact of Brexit and make it possible to move towards a new decade of prosperity.
The changes provoked by Brexit will be unsettling for Chinese companies in the EU. They will probably face increased red tape and higher administrative expenses, more logistics costs, burdensome customs procedures, higher import duties and reduced freedom of movement for their employees between branches in the UK and the EU. Companies will need time to react to sudden changes in the market structure and business processes.
It is urgent for EU and UK authorities to mitigate the impact of Brexit by reducing insecurity and market fluctuations. For enterprises, legal certainty and predictability are vital for a smooth continuation of their internal and external processes, from production and trade, to investment and innovation cycles. An uncertain post-Brexit scenario is likely to hinder or even lead to the termination of these activities.
To limit losses and disruptions for the businesses, including Chinese companies in the EU and the UK, we hope both sides can reach a post-Brexit norms in an urgent manner and they should be comprehensive, balanced and fair, without affecting the interests of third parties. The legal principles and norms regulating trade and investment between the UK and the EU are of great significance. Chinese businesses will benefit from legal certainty and predictable market conditions which will help boost the prosperity of the EU and the UK.
• Newer vision: ushering in a golden decade for Europeans
The year 2020 represents the beginning of a new decade, a new political cycle for EU institutions, and a historic year to renew the agenda of China-EU Strategic Partnership and Cooperation. The EU leadership has already formulated its key priorities to realize a green and digital transition, which also tops China’s economic agenda. Chinese enterprises in the EU are also committed to these priorities. Chinese companies in the digital sector are investing in the EU, especially in research and innovation, and aim to jointly develop technologies for the future. In their involvement in EU countries, they also support local development and job creation.
But a bolder vision for the new decade, which considers the long-term effects and results of political choices on businesses and the private sector, is highly needed for the EU-27. It is also the ambition of the CCCEU and its members to support European growth and to raise the average annual growth – 1.6% in the past decade, and 1.9% in the past 25 years – to between 2% and 3%. However, we insist that this growth be of high quality, green and inclusive, where the EU-China cooperation can deliver significant results.
Needless to say, the common goal for China and the EU is a decade of growth and prosperity. China and the EU are two global engines for development and growth. Together, they constitute a market of 1.9 billion consumers and, through economic interaction and global supply chains, they contribute to the wellbeing of these people and the world. In parallel, we also want to sustain the development of the middle class in both China and the EU, which is expected to surpass 1 billion individuals in this decade.
• Ground reality: Chinese businesses create jobs in the EU
Learning from the past gives us the key to unlock the potential for the future; and the CCCEU urges the EU leadership to consider how China-EU economic interaction fared in the past decade.
The contribution of Chinese enterprises to EU economy is undeniable. After the 2008 economic crisis, Chinese foreign direct investments (FDI) has been growing exponentially. A 2019 report by the Mission of China to the EU shows that Chinese FDI reached US$ 8.11 billion, and this investment has contributed to boosting economic growth in the continent. The opening of numerous research centres in Europe, where highly educated European researchers and innovative Chinese companies work side-by side, has also paved the way for further industrial upgrading by means of new discoveries. Also, the engagement of Chinese enterprises in the EU has further stimulated job creation: by 2018, Chinese enterprises created up to 330,000 direct jobs and millions of indirect jobs, which is a key finding in our first flagship report released in October 2019.
The CCCEU stresses that these positive trends should be sustained and supported. The cooperative approach between the EU and China made it possible to pave the way for stable and long-term economic interaction, which ultimately benefits companies and citizens. Looking back at the past decade, including the achievements and unresolved crises, and based on the proposed solutions, allows us to learn from history in order to better prepare for the future.
• Trust building: a pressing issue that both sides must address
In the past years, a wave of scepticism about, and mistrust against, Chinese entities has pervaded certain sections in Europe and created an unfavourable atmosphere in some sections of the media. Chinese FDI in the EU was subject to political decisions, with some countries arguing in favour of FDI screening mechanisms. This resulted in the 2019 Regulation establishing a framework for the screening of FDI into the EU and calls seeking a slowdown in high-tech cooperation such as in 5G application. Mistrust is increasing, which is our major concern; to facilitate win-win cooperation, building and boosting trust is a responsibility of all Chinese, and Europeans for sure.
The CCCEU is concerned about the impact that a strict screening mechanism can have on the development of China-EU economic interaction. In fact, stringent regulations can limit or even hinder the investments of Chinese companies in the EU, thus hampering the development of local businesses established by or linked to these enterprises. The result can be an economic setback for both these enterprises and the EU, since its citizens and businesses would not be able to collaborate with Chinese companies investing in the EU.
The CCCEU urges a reassessment of existing regulations to understand to what extent that they hinder economic interaction between Chinese companies and their European counterparts. The aim of these regulations should not be to prevent FDI a priori, and they should not endanger either the EU’s commitment to an open economy or the mutual trust between European and Chinese companies. Indeed, the EU and China should remain committed to safeguarding multilateralism and pushing for further cooperation with openness to trade and mutual trust. Only in this way, Chinese companies in Europe can sustain its contribution in the continent and a decade of 2-3 percent growth annually is possible.
• Starting line: towards a successful 2020 EU-China Summit
The 2020 EU-China Summit, at which Chinese top leader will meet the EU and member states’ leaders, will be held in Germany in September and will be a historic moment for bilateral relations because it is expected to inject strong impetus to the political, economic and cultural partnership. In preparation for the summit, which must be taken as a turning point in economic interaction, the EU and China should pay close attention to business sector by listening to their voices and opinions.
In the view of the CCCEU, it is vital to make sure that the 2020 Summit will have a positive impact for the decade to come, especially in matters related to trade and investment. For this to happen, paying particular attention to the economic actors active in China-EU interaction is key. Both sides should set up working groups to start preparatory work as soon as possible. They should aim to sign a comprehensive agreement on investment (CAI) and announce the launch of a free trade agreement feasibility study, with the aim of completing negotiations by 2025. The EU should commit to investment facilitation, instead of raising more barriers. We also notice that China and the EU, together with the rest of the world, are committed to realizing the UN’s SDGs and so at this summit, the development of the Eurasian continent and Africa, in particular, should be discussed. Many of our members operate globally and contributing to global development is also high on their agenda.
The CCCEU has called on the EU and China to listen carefully to the unresolved issues that Chinese enterprises face when investing in the EU, and to take them into account in the formulation of their next strategic partnership document, so that both European and Chinese businesses can benefit.
About CCCEU and Briefing
This document was produced by the research team of the China Chamber of Commerce to the EU (CCCEU), with valuable contributions from external experts and our members, which we warmly thank. The CCCEU is a platform between China and the European Union, which serves the best interests of Chinese enterprises investing in the EU. Established in August 2018, the CCCEU speaks on behalf of its 60 members and represents more than a thousand Chinese enterprises in the EU.
The Briefing is a research-based communication product offered by the CCCEU and all rights are reserved. For more information, please contact Paolo Recaldini, communication officer, at paolo.recaldini@ccceu.eu .
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